New lithium battery created

A team of researchers at Tohoku University in Japan has created a new type of lithium-ion conductor for future batteries that could be the basis for a new generation of solid-state batteries. It uses rock salt lithium borohydride (LiBH4), a well-known agent in organic chemistry laboratories that has been considered for batteries before but up to now has only worked at high temperatures or pressures.

Researchers doped a cubic lattice of KI molecules with the LiBH4 - this allowed them to stabilise the high-pressure form of lithium borohydride and make a solid solution at normal atmospheric pressure that was stable at room temperature.

In making the new technology, the team made the peculiar discovery that the Li+ ions functioned like pure Li+ ion conductors, even though they were just doping the KI lattices. This is the reverse of the normal doping technique, in which a small amount of stabilising element would be added to an ionic conductor abundant in lithium.

“In other words, LiBH4 is a sort of ‘parasite’ but not a host material,” said Hitoshi Takamura, who led the research at Tohoku University. He and his colleagues have called this mechanism ‘parasitic conduction’ and have suggested that it could be broadly applied in the search for new batteries anywhere that small amounts of Li+ ions could be used to dope an oxide, sulfide, halide or nitride host material. Their findings are detailed in the journal APL Materials, from AIP Publishing.

“This work suggests the potential of this mechanism in the ongoing search for the perfect material for use in solid-state batteries,” added Takamura. “The urgency of this quest has been abundantly clear after the grounding of so many aircraft in recent months.”