World's fastest optical neuromorphic processor revealed

An international team of researchers have demonstrated what they claim is be the world’s fastest and most powerful optical neuromorphic processor for artificial intelligence (AI), which operates faster than 10 trillion operations per second (TeraOPs/s) and is capable of processing ultralarge-scale data. Published in the journal Nature, the team’s breakthrough is said to represent a leap forward for neural networks and neuromorphic processing in general.

Artificial neural networks, a key form of AI, can ‘learn’ and perform complex operations with wide applications to computer vision, natural language processing, facial recognition, speech translation, playing strategy games, medical diagnosis and many other areas. Inspired by the biological structure of the brain’s visual cortex system, artificial neural networks extract key features of raw data to predict properties and behaviour with unprecedented accuracy and simplicity.

Led by Melbourne’s Swinburne University of Technology, the international research team achieved an exceptional feat in optical neural networks: dramatically accelerating their computing speed and processing power. They demonstrated an optical neuromorphic processor operating more than 1000 times faster than any previous processor, with the system also processing record-sized ultralarge-scale images — enough to achieve full facial image recognition, which other optical processors have been unable to accomplish.

“This breakthrough was achieved with ‘optical micro-combs’, as was our world-record internet data speed reported in May 2020,” said Professor David Moss, Director of Swinburne’s Optical Sciences Centre and co-leader of the research.

While state-of-the-art electronic processors such as the Google TPU can operate beyond 100 TeraOPs/s, this is done with tens of thousands of parallel processors. In contrast, the optical system demonstrated by the team uses a single processor and was achieved using a new technique of simultaneously interleaving the data in time, wavelength and spatial dimensions through an integrated micro-comb source. Micro-combs are relatively new devices that act like a rainbow made up of hundreds of high-quality infrared lasers on a single chip, and are said to be much faster, smaller, lighter and cheaper than any other optical source.

“In the 10 years since I co-invented them, integrated micro-comb chips have become enormously important and it is truly exciting to see them enabling these huge advances in information communication and processing,” Prof Moss said. “Micro-combs offer enormous promise for us to meet the world’s insatiable need for information.”

“This processor can serve as a universal ultrahigh-bandwidth front end for any neuromorphic hardware — optical or electronic based — bringing massive-data machine learning for real-time ultrahigh-bandwidth data within reach,” added co-lead author Dr Xingyuan (Mike) Xu, Swinburne alum and postdoctoral fellow at Monash University.

“We’re currently getting a sneak peek of how the processors of the future will look. It’s really showing us how dramatically we can scale the power of our processors through the innovative use of microcombs.”

Distinguished Professor Arnan Mitchell, study co-leader from RMIT University, added, “This technology is applicable to all forms of processing and communications — it will have a huge impact. Long term we hope to realise fully integrated systems on a chip, greatly reducing cost and energy consumption.”

Professor Damien Hicks, from Swinburne and the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, is a key supporter of the research team. He said, “Convolutional neural networks have been central to the artificial intelligence revolution, but existing silicon technology increasingly presents a bottleneck in processing speed and energy efficiency.

“This breakthrough shows how a new optical technology makes such networks faster and more efficient and is a profound demonstration of the benefits of cross-disciplinary thinking, in having the inspiration and courage to take an idea from one field and using it to solve a fundamental problem in another.”

Image caption: Dr Xingyuan (Mike) Xu with the integrated optical microcomb chip, which forms the core part of the optical neuromorphic processor.

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